Koy Sanjaq (KS): The words of your Jews out of Koy Sanjaq, resident just like the on 1951 in Israel

Advice is inspired by Robert Hoberman (individual correspondence). So it seems to be broadly associate of your own Jewish dialects off a number of other cities of this area as well, also Aqra and you may Rawanduz.

However, in this dialect there clearly was an incredibly unusual change away from h to h on the third individual just one possessive suffixes: resIh ‘his head’

Azerbaijan (Azer): The words of Jews www.datingranking.net/tr/cougar-life-inceleme/ out of Iranian Azerbaijan, along with organizations in the Urmi, Salmas, Basqale, Mahabad, and you can Yuksekova. Data is regarding Garbell (1965).

Halabja (Hala): The words of the Jews away from Halabja on the Iran-Iraq border. This is very around the Jewish dialects of other metropolitan areas of your region, as well as Saqqiz, Suleimaniya, Sanandaj, Baneh, and you may Panjwin. Recommendations comes from my personal notes.

We are going to compare such languages pertaining to twenty-five phonological, morphological, morpho-lexical, and you will lexical standards. Following the Hetzron (1976, 98), you will find chose simply designs because the conditions to own classification. We have chosen a disproportionate quantity of morphological requirements, and then we shall provide them with special pounds, again adopting the Hetzron, but other mutual innovations is regarded as better.

Note as well as the more difficult preservation and even installation regarding in the Koy Sanjaq reported of the Hoberman (1985)

Even as we compare the fresh dialects out-of NENA we will make an effort to dictate new the amount that the languages display a definite trend hence differs from Turoyo and you can Mandaic. At the same time, we’ll discover packages from isoglosses within NENA.

(1) Fret could be penultimate in every the fresh new NA languages, plus Turoyo and you will Mandaic although not regarding around three easternmost Jewish languages, Jewish Azerbaijani, Koy Sanjaq, and Halabja, which be concerned the past syllable. These types of languages see, such as this, such as more (Garbell 1965), to show an abnormally solid influence regarding Kurdish.

(2) The NENA dialects has actually merged h and you will x. Inside Hertevin the result is h, and almost everywhere otherwise it is x: Hertevin haye ‘life’ (Jastrow 1988, 189) and dmehli ‘I slept’ (Jastrow 1988, 18), Tkhuma xa:[Theta]good ‘new’, Jilu ptIxli ‘I opened’ (Fox 1992, 45), and you will +damxotu ‘you sleep’ (Fox 1992, 55).(4)

One another Turoyo and you may Mandaic keep separate h and you may x. Particular NENA dialects keeps reintroduced h given that a borrowing out of Kurdish or Arabic or of Classical Syriac or Hebrew.(5) Although not, the latest passed on vocabulary constantly shows x. Including, from inside the Tisqopa you will find lent Arabic terminology, including sahabi ‘friend’, that have h, however, handed down conditions such laxma ‘bread’ consistently let you know x. (6)

(3) All NENA dialects but Hertevin and you will Zakho have forfeit very days out of handed down. Particularly, when you look at the Aradhin we find arba ‘four’, upra ‘earth’ add up to Syriac arb good and you can afra. In Hertevin plus Zakho, passed on is regularly ?: Hertevin thus?a great ‘seven’ (Jastrow 1988, 99), Zakho sme?los angeles ‘she heard’ (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 189). A number of other languages most are managed as ?, and you may, from the people, is gone totally. Specific languages has reintroduced lent from Arabic otherwise Kurdish. Including, Halabja possess ayza ‘good’.

(4) Inside before dialects away from Aramaic, such as Tiberian Hebrew, t became [Theta] immediately following a great vowel. That it alternation has been lexicalized in NENA, which have both t or [Theta] dispersed owing to entire paradigms, if or not preceded by an effective vowel or not. Eg, in Aradhin the latest verb ‘come’ now has [Theta] throughout: a[Theta]ya ‘it (fem.) comes’, and also [Theta]e:la ‘she came’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70, 74). Next, in a few languages brand new phoneme [Theta] enjoys been through extra alter. In a few languages [Theta] features merged returning to t, plus other people it is s or even l.(7) In one single dialect, Jilu, it’s become h then started deleted but at the start of a keyword. The 3 easternmost Jewish dialects show this new shocking shift of [Theta] to a single. The outcome of those changes can be seen on the term ‘house’ hence seems in almost any languages as end up being:[Theta great]a (Tkhuma), biya (Jilu), beta (Hertevin), bela (Halabja), and you may besa (Sanandaj Christian).